Abu Azzah Al-Jumahi

Abū ʿAzzah ʿAmr ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Jumahī was a Qurayshī poet from the Banū Jumaḥ clan. He was captured at the Battle of Badr (2 AH) but had no money for his ransom and no family capable of paying it. He came before the Prophet ﷺ and said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have no powerful tribe behind me, no wealth, and I have daughters who need looking after, be generous with me." The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa-sallam released him without ransom, on one condition: that he never take up arms against the Muslims again. Abū ʿAzzah agreed. He composed a poem of gratitude for the Prophet's generosity that was preserved by Ibn Isḥāq.

However, when the Quraysh mobilized for the Battle of Uḥud (3 AH), Abū ʿAzzah joined their army and participated in the battle, breaking his sworn oath. He was captured a second time after Uḥud. He came before the Prophet ﷺ again and began the same appeal: "O Messenger of Allah, my daughters..." The Prophet ﷺ interrupted him: "Lā tamsaḥ ʿāridayk, a believer is not bitten from the same hole twice." He ordered his execution, which was carried out by ʿĀṣim ibn Thābit.

His case became a precedent in Islamic law regarding the treatment of those who break parole oaths after being released as prisoners of war.