Umm Kulthum bint Uqbah

Umm Kulthūm bint ʿUqbah ibn Abī Muʿayṭ was the daughter of one of the Prophet's ﷺ most vicious Makkan persecutors, the man who had thrown the camel's entrails on him in prostration. She embraced Islam and, soon after the Treaty of al-Ḥudaybiyyah (6 AH), fled persecution to Madinah, becoming among the first female emigrants to arrive after the treaty. Her case forced a hard question: the treaty required returning defectors, but could a woman be sent back to torture? Allah answered by revealing Sūrat al-Mumtaḥanah 10, commanding that believing women who emigrate be tested for sincerity and, if genuine, not be returned to the disbelievers, since they were no longer lawful to one another as spouses, while their disbelieving husbands were to be repaid their dowry. Because the written treaty specified only "no man" (rajul), women fell outside its letter, and Umm Kulthūm and those like her were granted refuge. She later married among the Companions, including Zayd ibn Ḥārithah.